Also known as Southern Fields and Southern Plains, the Pampa biome occupies an area of 176,496 km², which makes up about 2% of the country and consists mainly of grassland. In Brazil, the Pampa is only present in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, occupying 63% of the state, but it also occupies parts of Argentina and Uruguay.

The Pampa is composed primarily of grasses, herbs and some trees. The shift to the current practice of tree monoculture will have serious impacts on the ecosystem in this biome.

Any monoculture raises an environmental imbalance, because it results in the decline of some species and increase of others, as well as causes changes in the basic ecological functions of the ecosystem.